Shaving device



Nov. 11, 1941. 1 p ow -rz 2,262,391

SHAVING DEVICE Original Filed June 23, 1937 2 Sheets-Sheet l Fig.1

H I V o 104 44 IV INVENTOR.

108 Dal/{5211173 ATTORNEY.

Nov. 11, 1941. DALKQWITZ 2,262,391

SHAVING DEVICE Original Filed June 23, 1937 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORPatented Nov. 11, 1941 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE American Saiety RaaorCorporation, Brooklyn, N. Y., a corporation of Virginia Original 1938,Serial No. 211,195

Claims.

This invention relates to shaving devices having relatively movablecutting parts and popularly known as dry shavers because they arecustomarily used without preliminary treatment, as by detergents, oi thesurface to be shaved.

While my invention has been disclosed in con? nection with shavingdevices, it will be understood that as to certain phases thereof it mayhave other applications.

Dry shavers of hitherto known constructions are susceptible ofimprovement in many directions, such as convenience in use andmanufacture, and maintenance and manufacturing costs, to mention a fewof them. It is the general aim of my invention to provide neededimprovements that will add to the eiliciency of dry shavers in therespects noted and others.

Among the objects of my invention are the provision in a shaving devicehaving relatively movable contacting cuttingiparts, of means formaintaining the cutting contact between said parts; the provision in ashaving device having relatively movable contacting parts of a pluralityof independent means for maintaining contact between the parts; theprovision in a shaving device including motive means therefor, ofseparate assemblies each comprising a portion of said motive means and acasing adapted to have said assemblies secured thereto in their properoperative relation; the provision in a shaving device comprising motivemeans therei'or, of separate assemblies each comprising a portion ofsaid motive means, and a casing adapted to have said assemblies securedthereto in their operative relation and said individual assemblies beingprovided with interfitting portions for the purpose of properly locatingtheir relative positions; the provision for use in a shaving implementof a field magnet for an electric motor made in two portions and meansfor connecting said portions; the provision in a shaving implement of amagnet for an electric motor of the magnetic type having a plurality offield coils arranged in adjacency but separated by a dielectric andhaving a make and break device interposed in series between them; theprovision in a shaving implement ot a iield coil arrangement as justdescribed having a condenser shunted across said make and break; theprovision in a shaving device of a casing enclosing a motor having adrive shaft and said casing having an opening adjacent the shaft forsupplying oil thereto; the provision in a shaving device having a motorpositioned in a casing, of a starting wheel on the drive shaft ofapplication June 23, 1937, Serial No. Divided and this application June1.

access to the starting wheel may be had; the provision in a shavingdevice of a casing made in two parts and an insulating plate carryingthe terminals of an electric motor positioned in the casing, and the twoparts of said casing being provided with recesses to receive saidterminal plate; the provision in a shaving device having a shaving headand a handle of means for locking the head to the handle; the provisionin a shaving device of an assembly comprising a pair of spaced platesand means for holding said plates in spaced relation and said platescarrying the motor armature and the makeand break; the provision in ashaving device of an assembly comprising a pair of spaced plates andmeans for holding said plates in spaced relation and said platescarrying the motor armature and the operating lever for the movableparts of the shaving device; and the provision in a shaving device of anelectric motor of the magnetic type having an armature of novelconformation.

This application is a division of application Serial Number 149,853filed June 23, 1937.

For the attainment of these objects and such other objects as willhereinafter appear or be pointed out I have shown several embodiments ofmy invention in the drawings in which:

Figure l is a.top plan view of my invention with the upper half or thecasing removed so as to expose the interior;

Figure 2 is a view partly in section substantially on the line 2-4 ofFigures 1 and '7, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 3 is a top plan view similar to Figure 1 but showing the outsideof the casing;

Figure 4 is a fragmentary bottom plan view indicated by the line 4-4 ofFigure 2, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 5 is a perspective view of the motor armature and its shaft;

Figure 6 is a perspective view showing the two component parts orassemblies constituting the motor part of my invention;

Figure'fifl is a perspective view of a modified form of one 0! theassemblies of Figure 6;

Figure 6b is a perspective view of a modified form of the other assemblyof Figure 6;

Figure 7 is a transverse sectional view taken substantially on the line1-1 of Figure 1, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 8 is a transverse sectional view substantially on the line 88 ofFigure 1, looking in the direction of the arrows;

the motor and an opening in the casing whereby Figure 9 is adiagrammatic view showing the electric circuits;

Figure is a plan view on an enlarged scale of a portion of Figure 1showing the spring contacts; and

Figures 11 and 12 are sectional views of modilied forms of the springplunger and operating lever respectively.

A shaving device of the type herein described may be said to comprise ingeneral a shaving head indicated at A in Figures 1 and 2 in dotted linesand a handle portion B that carries the shaving head, and within thecasing B is positioned a motor C provided with suitable connections foractuating the shaving head A.

While the specific form of shaving head A constitutes no part of myinvention, the latter is de signed to cooperate with a shaving'headhaving relatively sliding parts for effecting cutting action, such as apair of slidingly superposed members provided with coacting cuttingteeth. One of these parts should be adapted to receive the operatinglever disclosed herein and'the pressure means disclosed herein in theform of spring pressed plungers are intended to press against thesurface of one of said parts, so as to urge it against another part withwhich it cooperates in effecting the cutting action.

The casing C, as clearly appears from Figures 1, 2, 7 and 8, is made intwo parts l2 and I4, which together constitute a hollow shell of aconformation adapted to receive the motor C and shaving head A in theproper operative relation. For holding the two halves of the casing inassembled relation I have shown screws I6 (see Figure 3) and whenassembled it is of a size and contour adapted for convenient grasping bythe hand of a user. At one end thereof it is provided with a recess l8adapted to receive an extension of the shaving head A and into thisrecess extend the ends of theoperating lever and the spring pressedplungers, the former being adapted to enter a slot or the like in one ofthe parts of the shaving head and the latter being adapted to press theparts of the shaving head into operative contact.

The shaving head A is maintained in its operative relation to the casingby the arrangement shown in Figures 2, 3 and 11 in which there is shownthe member 2| preferably formed of a spring metal and having its one endbent downwardly as shown at 2| to form a tongue to be received in anopening 2| provided therefor through one of the walls forming the recessl8. This member 2| is secured in position as by the threaded member 2lwhich is passed therethrough and into an opening provided therefor inthe head of the casing. The parts are of such dimensions that when themember 2| is passed through the opening in the member 2| and into theopening in the casing l2 the downtumed end 2| will project through thopening 2|. By properly adjusting the member 2| an engagement can beeffected between the free end of the down turned end 2| and the shavinghead for holding it in assembled relation with the casing with apressure that can be adjusted at will.

The lever 20 is shown as pivotally mounted within the casing by way ofexample by the screw 2 and its outer end passes through an opening 29provided through the end wall of the casing and which is also the bottomof the recess l8. This end wall is formed by the two flanges 29 and 29which extend inwardly from the two halves of the casing. Th inner end ofthe lever 20 is provided with a slot adapted to receive a cam oreccentric 28 on the armature shaft II of the motor which serves toimpart an oscillating motion to the lever, and which will be againreferred to hereinafter in connection with the other parts of. themotor.

The plungers 22 are shown as passing through openings 30 provided in thecasing at the bottom of the recess l8, two such plungers being shown,and adjacent the inner end each is shown as provided with enlargements32 which prevent their passing through the openings '39 which latterhowever are sufficiently large to permit lateral movement of theplungers 22 therein, as well as to permit the plungers to angle. A pairof abutments '34 are shown as anchored in the casing and each isprovided with a lug or extension 36 on which seats one end of a coilspring 38 the other end of which seats on the end of the plunger 22 andabuts against the enlargement 32 thereof. The springs 38 are normallyunder compression so as to press the enlargements 22 against the wallsof the casing when the razor head is not in place on th casing B. Whenthe razor head is in place as shown in Figures 1 and 10, the springswill be still further compressed due to the inward movement of theabutments 32, while at the same time they will permit the plungers tomove laterally to an extent limited by the openings of the walls 30 andat the same time to angle to a limited extent. The plungers ar thereforefree to follow the movements of that part of the razor head A with whichthey contact without sliding in relation thereto, while at the same timerelative sliding thereof is not prevented.

The electric motor C is shown as of the magnetic type, that is of a typein which the armature has no winding but moves in relation to the polesof the field as the result of intermittent energization of the same,each energization giving the armatur a pull or kick, and these kicks orpulls are timed appropriately so that they augment each other to effectrotation of the armature. One of the features of such a motor is a makeand break system synchronized with the movements of the armature toenergize the field coil at the proper time.

As will be observed from the drawings and particularly Figure 6, I haveshown the motor as constituted by two parts or assemblies which becomunited into an integral whole on installation in the casing. The firstof these assemblies denoted by O in Figure 6 comprises a horse-shoe orU-shaped field magnet 40 provided with two poles which are arcuatelycontoured as indicated at 42 to receive the rotating armaturetherebetween. The magnet is constituted by superposed laminations ofelectric steel that are adapted to be energized by a pair of field coils44 and 46 shown as mounted at the bight of the U, and these field coilsare shown as separated from each other by an insulating plate 48 of somesuitable dielectric material. The terminals 50 and 52 of the coil 44 areprovided respectively with leads 54 and 56, the former intended forconnection to one side of the make and break as will be hereinafterdescribed and the latter being connected at the terminal 5| carried inan insulating plate 60 adapted for insertion into the grooves 62 and 64of the two halves of the casing. The terminals I6 and 68 of the coil 48are similarly extended into leads I0 and 12, the first adapted forconnection with the other side of the make and break as will behereinafter described, and the latter connected to a terminal I4, alsocarried by the aforementioned insulating plate 88.

A condenser I8 is also shown as connected across the terminals 88 and 88of the respective coils 44 and 48.v

- It will be observed that the condenser I8, which, as has just beenstated, is connected across th terminal 88 and 88, is at the-same timeshunted across the make and break, to be later described, as will beapparent from the diagram of connections of Figure 9, this constructionbeing for the well known purpose of increasing the effectiveness of themake and break. It will further be observed that the coils- 44 and 48,positioned on opposite sides of I the dielectric plate 48, also have acapacity or condenser effect which augments that of the condenser 18 inproducing a more effective make and break action.

It will further be observed that the poles of the field magnet 48 areshown as provided with recesses 18 for a purpose which will be explainedhereinafter. A pair of screws I8 are shown as passing through the fieldmagnet 48 for the purpose of securing the assembly within the casing.

The second of the aforementioned assemblies constituting the motor hasbeen denoted by the letter P in Figure 6 and it comprises a pair ofspaced plates 88 and 82 connected in spaced relation by uprights 84 and88. Journalled in said plates adjacent its ends is an armature shaft 88which carries the armature 88, clearly shown in Figure as being composedof superposed laminations of electric steel, each being of what may bedescribed as an hour-glass contour.

Positioned on the plate 88 is shown a make and break mechanismcomprising a pair of contacts 82 and 84 carried respectively by aconducting member 98 pivotally mounted on the plate 88 in any suitableor preferred manner, as indicated at 88, and a conducting member I88mounted on the plate 88. Interposed between the member 88 and anabutment I82 mounted on the plate 88 is a coil spring I84 which servesto press the contact 82 function thereby acts as a stop to hold thelever 28 in place in the assembly P before its mounting in the casing.

An opening I88 is shown as provided in the casing section I4 by whichaccess to the rim of the starting wheel I88 may be'had for startingpurposes. It will be noted that the startin wheel does not at any pointprotrude beyond the confines of the casing so that there issubstantially no danger of its being stopped by or damaging objectsexternal to the motor casing, and that in spite of its shielded positionit is nevertheless readily accessible for starting purposes.

It will be observed that the spacers 84, of which one is shown on eachside of the assembly P, are so positioned that they will fit into therecesses 18 described in connection with the assembly O and when theyare so interfltted the armature shaft will be properly positioned inrelation to the field magnet. It will be understood of course that inorder to eifect this positioning of the assemblies 0 and P the armaturemust be brought into a position, such as that indicated in Figure 6, inwhich it will pass between the field poles 88 and 82, and when it hasbeen brought into such as position assembly is effected by sliding itinto position between the poles. The

against the conducting material and serve to transmit current from thelead 84, heretofore described, and which is connected to the abutmentI82, through the spring I84 into the member 88, while on the other handthe lead 18 is connected to the member I88, whereby when the contacts 82and 84 contact each other an electric circuit is established through thetwo coils 44 and 48 and the field magnet is energized.

In order to effect the make and break motion I have shown the end of thearmature shaft 88 as provided with a cam I88 and this presses againstthe insulating block I88 carried by the member 86 and the high portionsof this cam move the member 88 against the resistance of spring I84,thereby opening the circuit. It will be observed that since the memberI88 as well as the plates 88 and 82 are of insulating material, thearmature is completely insulated from the electrical connections, sothat a user of the shaving device need not fear shocks from electricalcurrents that might reach the shaving head through the lever 28, whichas has been heretofore mentioned is moved by the eccentric or cam 28,also carried on the armature shaft. The cam 28 is shown as positioned onthe end of the shaft 88 opposite to that on which the cam I88 islocated, and a starting wheel I88 is also shown as carried by the end ofthe shaft below the cam 28. The starting wheel in addition to itsstarting operating position is reached when the spacers 84 arepositioned within the recesses I8.

It will also be observed that if the armature is rotated from itsposition shown in Figure 6, while in place between the poles into aposition at right angles to-that shown in Figure 6, it cannot then beremoved from between the poles because of the limited spacetherebetween. The same is true of most of the intermediate positions ofthe armature.

For securing theassembly P within the casing I have shown a pair ofscrews II8 that engage threaded openings suitably provided in the casingsection I4 and when the assemblies P and O are so secured to the casingby their respective fastening means they will constitute a unitaryassembly that functions as a motor.

By referring to Figures 3 and 8 it will be observed that I have shownopenings H2 in the casing section I2 and positioned one on each side ofthe make and break contacts 82 and 84, where- 'by I provide ventilationat this point for dissipating the heat generated in the make and break,while the material between the openings II2 serves as a shield thatconfine the electric are within the casing.

In order to provide for lubrication I have shown at Ill an opening inthe casing positioned directly over one end of the armature shaft forintroducing oil.

By referring to Figure 6a it will be observed that, I have there shown amodified form of field magnet 48. This magnet is made in two sectionsdesignated respectively by the numerals I28 and I22 and each has a partthereof a portion of the bight section of the magnet, these two portionsof the respective sections fitting together along the broken line I24whereby they are properly located with reference to each other and forma substantially uninterrupted magnetic path. The two sections I28 andI22 are shown as united by a pair of yoke pieces I28 secured to thesection in any suitable or preferred manner, as by the rivets I28.

In describing the assembly P of Figure 6 I have referred to the lever 28as one element of such assembly, while at the same time, as has alsobeen stated, the lever 28 is pivotally mounted on the casing section I4by means of the screw 2. In Figure Oh I have shown a modified form ofthe assembly P denoted by P in which the lever 2|, corresponding to thelever 2| instead of being arranged for mounting in the casing, is shownas pivotally mounted on extensions of the plates II and 82' as indicatedat I ll.

In Figure 11 I have shown a modified construction for the spring pressedplungersor contacts 22 and one of these plungers has been indi-- catedby the numeral 22'. It is provided with an enlargement 32' adapted toabut against the casing sections l2 and I4 and a coil spring 3! ispositioned between the enlargement I2 and an upright or lug 34' mountedin a plate I22 which may be anchored to the casing section I4 in anysuitable or preferred manner. This form difi'ers from the plungerconstruction shown in Figure 1 and in ure'10 in the fact that it has anelongated extension I3II at its inner end portion, which is shown aspassing through an opening I 32 in the upright 34'. As a result pivotalmovements of the plunger 22' take place at a point located at theopening I32 and as can be readily seen the plunger 22' is adapted forlimited movement in all directions and therefore oifers no frictionalresistance to the movement of the razor head but on the contrary is freeto move with it.

In Figure 12 I have shown a modified form of actuating lever that I havefound to be very effective. Because of the ample bearing surfaces andtheir location, lost motion is practically eliminated, wear on thebearings is reduced to a minimum, and motion of the lever only in thedesired direction is assured.

} In this figure the lever is indicated at 20' and it will be observedthat instead of thelever havthe lever 20, the lever 20' is greaterdetail in Fig- I I5 and a horizontal portion III, the latter being slotto receive the cam 28 of the motor. A pair of pins I I1 and II! is shownas extending from the lever 20' in opposite diciated with the lever.

The pins III and H8 are tively in bushings I20 and I24, the former being80 of Figure 1, while the latter is shown as a separate piece that maybe secured to the casing section I4 in any suitable or prehead. Asuitable material for this purpose is that known as phenol fiber.

While I have' herein disclosed several illustrative embodiments of myinvention it will be understood that the same may be embodied in manyother forms as skilled in the art and will be obvious to those that thedisclosure herein isbywayofiilustrationoniyandisnottobeconstruedinalimitingsense. andthatldonot limit myself in any way otherthan as called for .by the prior art.

Having thus described my invention and illustrated its use, what I claimas new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In an electric motor, an assembly comprising a pair of plates, anarmature having its shaft iournalled in said plates, rods for connectingsaid plates in spaced relatio recesses in said field magnet adapted toreceive said rods and thereby to locate said assembly positively inrelation to the field magnet so that the armature assumes an operativeposition.

2. In an electric motor, an assembly comprising a pair of plates, .anarmature having its shaft Journalled in said pla rods for connectingsaid plates in spaced relation, a field magnet, in the poles of saidfield magnet adapted to receive said rods and thereby to properly locatethe assembly and, in particular, the armature in relation to the fieldmagnet.

3. In a shaving device, a casing, a motor of said first assemblyincluding the field magnet and field coils of said motor, said motorfurther comprising a second assembl said second assembly comprising themovable parts of the independently, of portions on said and therebysecure operative relation,

between the edges of the field poles at the int in the air m m itposition it cannot be e a gap, nor be with from its place between thepoles. drawn 5. An assembly comprising a horseshoe shaped field magnetfor an electric motor and field coils for the same, and said fieldmagnet having an air gap between the poles thereof adapted for thereception of an armature having its axis of the plane of said fieldmagnet, a second assembly comprising a bipolar armature and a shafttherefor, said shaft being a field magnet and egan 5 whereby the saidarmature may be introduced betweenthepolesotthefleldbyslidinzsaidfleld'poles between the said plates of said second assembly and at the sametime sliding said armature into said air gap endwise by presenting oneof the armature poles thereto, while when thearmatureispresentedtotheairgapinaposition at right angles to saidmentioned position it cannot be made to enter the air gap, nor be 10withdrawn from its place between the poles.

GODFREY DALKOWI'IZ.

